Portugal

Warm Mediterranean summers, wet Atlantic winters; Azores and Madeira subtropical. Landscapes include the granite north, limestone karst centre, cork-oak plains, and high-energy surf coast. Outdoor staples: Atlantic surf and kitesurf (Nazaré to Peniche), limestone sport climbing and speleology, Douro and Guadiana kayak tours, trail-running on Madeira’s levadas, and Serra da Estrela winter ski-mountaineering.